NÍVEIS DE ADAPTAÇÃO FENOTÍPICA REGIONAL (QST) INDICAM QUE A NEUTRALIDADE MOLDOU A ESTRUTURA DE POPULAÇÕES DE Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA DA SOJA

Camila Geovana Ferro; Tatiane Carla Silva; Samara Nunes Campos Vicentini; Guilherme Moraes Ferraudo; Paulo Cezar Ceresini

doi:10.1590/1983-21252020v33n304rc

Authors

Camila Geovana Ferro Graduate Program in Agronomy – Genetics and Plant Breeding, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, SP https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1540-0421
Tatiane Carla Silva Graduate Program in Agronomy – Cropping Systems, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Ilha Solteira, SP https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5317-9388
Samara Nunes Campos Vicentini Graduate Program in Agronomy – Cropping Systems, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Ilha Solteira, SP https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0383-4097
Guilherme Moraes Ferraudo Department of Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, SP https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-614X
Paulo Cezar Ceresini Graduate Program in Agronomy – Cropping Systems, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Ilha Solteira, SP https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-2792

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252020v33n304rc

Keywords:

QST. FST. Directional selection. Neutrality. Stabilizing selection.

Abstract

Populations of the soybean leaf blight pathogen (Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA) are highly genetically differentiated along a latitudinal gradient in the major soybean growing regions of Brazil. However, the evolutionary processes leading to regional adaptation are still unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative importance of neutral genetic variation and natural selection on the divergence and regional adaptation of populations of the soybean-infecting pathogen R. solani AG-1 IA. Therefore, we compared the phenotypic differentiation in quantitative traits (Q_ST) and the neutral genetic differentiation (F_ST, based on microsatellites data) among three pairs of populations. As measures of phenotypic responses of the fungus (quantitative traits), we estimated the tolerance to temperature stress and the tolerance to a broad-spectrum fungicide (copper oxychloride) under optimal (25 °C) and high temperature conditions (33.5 °C). In general there was an increase in genetic variance with a positive effect on the heritability for tolerance to copper fungicide under temperature stress. The genetic differences among populations were the main determinants of thermal adaptation in R. solani AG-1 IA (h2 ≥ 0.70). The analysis of neutral genetic structure (F_ST) indicated subdivision between the three pairs of populations. Although population pairwise comparisons between F_ST and Q_ST values did not follow a single pattern, the majority of Q_ST values did not differ significantly from F_ST, indicating that, for the quantitative characters studied, neutrality (or neutral evolution) had a major role in the regional adaptation of R. solani AG-1 IA populations.

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