BÁRIO E CHUMBO EM ÁREAS DE DISPOSIÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS DE POÇOS DE PETRÓLEO

Nelson Moura Brasil do Amaral Sobrinho; Marcos Bacis Ceddia; Everaldo Zonta; Camila da Costa Barros de Souza; Erica Souto Abreu Lima

doi:10.1590/1983-21252019v32n422rc

Authors

Nelson Moura Brasil do Amaral Sobrinho Soil Departament, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5053-7338
Marcos Bacis Ceddia Soil Departament, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8611-314X
Everaldo Zonta Soil Departament, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8106-0504
Camila da Costa Barros de Souza Soil Departament, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5253-3197
Erica Souto Abreu Lima Soil Departament, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4140-3634

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n422rc

Keywords:

Geostatistics. Heavy metal. Soil contamination.

Abstract

Indiscriminate disposal of waste from the oil industry has led to contamination of soils and water sources and toxic effects in the biota. Thus, this study aimed to assess barium (Ba) and lead (Pb) spatial variability in disposal sites for oil well drilling and prospecting wastes. The soil in the study area is classified as Red Latosol, and the area is located in Santa Maria do Oeste, Paraná State (Brazil). Barium and Pb spatial variabilities were determined using a 76-point sampling grid. The levels of metals were determined in soil samples collected at each sampling point, at the depth ranges of 0.0-0.3, 0.3-0.6, 0.6-0.9 and 0.9-1.2 m. Data were mapped using geostatistical interpolators for spatial dependence determination, modeling and validation of semivariograms, and respective interpolation. Thirty Ba and Pb high concentration samples were selected for leaching and solubilization assays. As semivariogram analysis showed spatial dependence, mapping by ordinary kriging was performed for both metals. The high levels found for both metals arose from well drilling activities, as no direct relationship was found between such levels with geology and genesis of the local rock. The concentrations of the metals were higher than the research values considering the Agricultural / AP-Max scenario, therefore, the study area was characterized as class 4 (contaminated). Although these metals have low solubility, i.e. low contamination risk to subsurface waters, they may pose contamination risks to water bodies by means of soil runoff.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS - ABNT. NBR 10004: Resíduos sólidos – Classificação. Rio de Janeiro, 2004a. 71 p.

ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS - ABNT. NBR 10005: Procedimento para obtenção de extrato lixiviado de resíduos sólidos. Rio de Janeiro, 2004b. 16 p.

ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS - ABNT. NBR 10006: Procedimento para obtenção de extrato solubilizado de resíduos sólidos. Rio de Janeiro, 2004c. 3 p.

ANDRADE, A. F. M. et al. EDTA-induced phytoextraction of lead and barium by brachiaria (B. decumbens cv. Basilisk) in soil contaminated by oil exploration drilling waste. Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, v. 36, n. 4, p. 495-500, 2014.

AMARAL SOBRINHO, N. M. B. et al. Spatial variability and solubility of barium in a petroleum well-drilling waste disposal area. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 190, n. 4, p. 228-238, 2018.

BAUDER, T. A. et al. Soil properties affecting wheat yields following drilling-fluid application. Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 34, n. 5, p. 1687–1696, 2005.

BRASIL. Conselho Nacional do Meio ambiente. Resolução n° 420 de 28 de dezembro de 2009. Disponível em: <http://www2.mma.gov.br/port/conama/legiabre.cfm?codlegi=620>. Acesso em: 29 de nov. 2018.

BUSINELLI, D. et al. Long-term distribution, mobility and plant availability of compost-derived heavy metals in a landfill covering soil. Science of the Total Environment, v. 407, n. 4, p. 1426-1435, 2009.

BAKKE, T., KLUNGSØYR, J., SANNI, S. Environmental impacts of produced water and drilling waste discharges from the Norwegian offshore petroleum industry. Marine Environmental Research, v. 92, n. 1, p. 154-169, 2013.

BUSCHLE, B. N. Valores de referência de qualidade para elementos-traço em solos da planície litorânea do estado do Paraná. 2013. 41 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência do Solo: Área de Concentração em Solo e Ambiente) – Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 2013.

CAPPUYNS, V. Barium (Ba) leaching from soils and certified reference materials. Applied Geochemistry, v. 88, n. 1, p. 68–84, 2017.

CARVALHO, J. R. P.; SILVEIRA, P. M.; VIEIRA, S. R. Geoestatistica na determinação da variabilidade espacial de características químicas do solo sob diferentes preparos. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 48, n. 8, p. 1151-1159, 2002.

DAVIDSON, C. M. et al. The long-term environmental behavior of strontium and barium released from former mine workings in the granites of the Sunart region of Scotland, UK. Chemosphere, v. 58, n. 6, p. 793-798. 2005.

DONAGEMMA, G. K. et al. Manual de métodos de análise de solos. 2.ed. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Embrapa Solos, 2011. 230 p. (Documentos, 132).

ESMAEILI, A. et al. A geochemical survey of heavy metals in agricultural and background soils of the Isfahan industrial zone, Iran. Catena, v. 121, n. 1, p. 88-98, 2014.

FREITAS, F. C. et al. pH, sódio, potássio, cálcio, magnésio e alumínio em solos contaminados com fluido de perfuração de poços de petróleo após ensaios de lixiviação. Ciência Rural, v. 45, n. 8, p. 1418-1423, 2015.

GHERASIM, C.V.; MIKULÁŠEK, P. Influence of operating variables on the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by nanofiltration. Desalination, v. 343, n. 16, p. 67-74, 2014.

GUEDES, J. N. et al. Concentration and Spatial Distribution of Lead in Soil Used for Ammunition Destruction. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 89, n. 1, p. 775-781, 2012.

LICHT, O. A. B.; BITTENCOURT, A. V. Paisagens geoquímicas – naturais e antrópicas no estado do Paraná. Revista Técnico-Científica do CREA-PR, v. 1, n. 1, p. 1-27, 2014.

LIMA, E. S. A. et al. Absorção de Bário por Plantas de Arroz (Oryza Sativa L.) e Mobilidade em Solo Tratado com Baritina sob Diferentes Condições de Potencial Redox. Química Nova, v. 35, n. 9, p. 1746-1751, 2012.

MAGALHÃES, M. O. L. et al. Mobilidade de bário em solo tratado com sulfato de bário sob condição de oxidação e redução. Química Nova, v. 34, n. 9, p. 1544-1549, 2011.

MAGALHÃES, M. O. L. et al. Reducing conditions on barium absorption in rice plants cultured in BaSO4-enriched soil. Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, v. 36, n. 1, p. 119-127, 2014a.

MAGALHÃES, M. O. L. et al. The Effects of Oil Well Drill Cuttings on Soil and Rice Plant Development (Oryza sativa) Under Two Redox Conditions. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 92, n. 3, p. 311-316, 2014b.

MCGRATH, S. P. et al. Land application of sewage sludge: scientific perspectives of heavy metal loading limits in Europe and the United States. Environmental Reviews, v. 2, n. 1, p. 108-118, 1994.

NOGUEIROL, R. C.; ALLEONI, L. R. F. Sequential extraction and speciation of Ba, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in soil contaminated with automotive industry waste. Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability, v. 25, n. 1, p. 34-42, 2013.

ONG, S. A. et al. Comparative study on kinetic adsorption of Cu (II), Cd (II) and Ni (II) ions from aqueous solutions using activated sludge and dried sludge. Applied Water Science, v. 3, n. 1, p. 321-325. 2013.

PAVELHAO, T. R. Valores orientadores de qualidade para metais pesados em solos cultivados no município de Bandeirantes - PR. 2015. 156 f. Tese (Doutorado em Geografia: Área de Concentração em Análise Ambiental) – Universidade estadual de Maringá, Maringá, 2015.

SAMPAIO JUNIOR, J. et al. Barium and sodium in sunflower plants cultivated in soil treated with wastes of drilling of oil well. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, v. 19, n. 11, p. 1100–1106, 2015.

SANTOS, H. G. et al. Sistema brasileiro de classificação de solos. 3ed. Brasília, DF: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, 2013. 353 p.

SANTOS, M. B. Perfuração de poços de petróleo: fluidos de perfuração. Revista de divulgação do Projeto Universidade Petrobras e IF Fluminense, v. 2, n. 1, p. 121-127, 2012.

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY - USEPA. Method 3051: Microwave assisted acid digestion of sediments, sludges, soils, and oils. Washington, 1994. 14 p.

VIEIRA, S. R. et al. Geoestatistical theory and application to variability of some agronomical properties. Hilgardia, v. 51, n. 3, p. 1–75, 1983.