Genetic diversity among acerola accessions collected in different brazilian states using ISSR markers

Tiago Lima do Nascimento; Simone Sales Souza; Mikaele de Souza Santos; Ezildo Francisco Felinto Filho; Raquel de Souza Silva; Natoniel Franklin de Melo; Flávio de França  Souza

doi:10.1590/1983-21252025v3812697rc

Authors

Tiago Lima do Nascimento Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, PE, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0916-6344
Simone Sales Souza Genetics and plant breeding, Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, PE, Brazil https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8060-0894
Mikaele de Souza Santos Department of Agronomy, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0077-6800
Ezildo Francisco Felinto Filho Department of Agronomy, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9409-544X
Raquel de Souza Silva Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santa, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0250-3445
Natoniel Franklin de Melo Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, PE, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6888-4090
Flávio de França Souza Genetics and plant breeding, Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, PE, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9632-2666

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252025v3812697rc

Keywords:

Malpighia emarginata. Genetic breeding. Molecular markers. Genetic divergence.

Abstract

Commercial acerola (Malpighia emarginata Sessé & Moc. ex DC.) orchards in Brazil are typically established using only one or two genotypes, making them highly susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses. Molecular characterization of available germplasm can help identify valuable alleles for the development of new cultivars. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity of a representative sample of acerola germplasm cultivated in Brazil using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. Genomic DNA was extracted from 96 accessions conserved in Petrolina, Pernambuco state (PE) and amplified using 15 ISSR primers. The presence/absence of bands was scored to estimate allelic similarity based on the Jaccard index, and a dendrogram was constructed using the UPGMA method. Genetic variation within and between groups was quantified via analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), using Genes, GenAlex and Cervus software. The accessions were grouped into 24 clusters, with ACO01 and MAR12 being the most divergent and Costa Rica and Flor Branca the most similar. The cluster analysis revealed substantial variation among individuals from the same region (81%), a result confirmed by AMOVA and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The ISSR primers effectively captured the genetic variation among the accessions studied. Given that the samples analyzed represent acerola germplasm cultivated across Brazil, these results provide valuable insights for the management of genetic resources and the development of acerola breeding programs.

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