Morphophysiological and nutritional responses in maize hybrids competing with Digitaria insularis

Leandro Galon; Moisés Henrique Schmitz; Otilo Daniel Henz Neto; Caroline Müller; Daniel Cristian Cavaletti; João Paulo Giacomini; José Barbosa dos Santos; Gismael Franciso Perin

doi:10.1590/1983-21252025v3811821rc

Authors

Leandro Galon Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1819-462X
Moisés Henrique Schmitz Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2752-6275
Otilo Daniel Henz Neto Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6437-690X
Caroline Müller Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0507-9355
Daniel Cristian Cavaletti Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7771-3234
João Paulo Giacomini Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7579-7905
José Barbosa dos Santos Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5746-7248
Gismael Franciso Perin Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9036-0426

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252025v3811821rc

Keywords:

Zea mays. Competitive ability. Sourgrass.

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the competitive interaction between maize hybrids in the presence of Digitaria insularis through experiments in a series of substitutions. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four replicates. Six maize hybrids were used, and the plant density of maize and D. insularis hybrids was set for constant final production of 463 plants m^-2. Competition had a detrimental effect on plant growth in both species. Competition and demand for environmental resources were the same for maize hybrids competing with D. insularis. Digitaria insularis had a negative effect on the physiological characteristics of maize hybrids, regardless of the plant density in the association. The hybrids showed greater relative growth than the weed. However, the increase in weed density decreased the nutrient concentration, especially P and K, in maize hybrids. There was competition between maize and D. insularis for the same resources in the environment. Interspecific competition was more pronounced for nutrients N, P, and K, whereas intraspecific competition was more pronounced for Ca and Mg.

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