SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF TOXIC CYANOBACTERIA IN AN ARTIFICIAL LAKE IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID REGION

Francisco Josivan de Oliveira Lima; Fernando Bezerra Lopes; Eunice Maia de Andrade; Francisco Cleiton da Rocha; Ana Célia Maia Meireles

doi:10.1590/1983-21252022v35n218rc

Authors

Francisco Josivan de Oliveira Lima Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6620-6381
Fernando Bezerra Lopes Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8285-2925
Eunice Maia de Andrade Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9750-0364
Francisco Cleiton da Rocha Centre of Education Science, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, PI https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6208-7434
Ana Célia Maia Meireles Centre of Agricultural Sciences and Biodiversity, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Crato, CE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8860-2043

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252022v35n218rc

Keywords:

Phytoplankton. Water quality. Seasonality. Multivariate analysis.

Abstract

Intensification of the eutrophication process in surface water leads to an increase in the intensity and frequency of cyanobacterial blooms, compromising the availability of drinking water. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics of cyanobacteria and identify the most important nutrients for such dynamics in a semiarid artificial lake, the Orós reservoir, in north-eastern Brazil. Seventy-seven water samples were collected in 11 campaigns (six during the dry season and five during the rainy season) from seven points. The attributes under investigation were the Secchi transparency, turbidity, pH, apparent colour, electrical conductivity, total solids, total phosphorus, soluble orthophosphate content, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonia content, nitrate content, and cyanobacteria dynamics, resulting in a total of 924 samples (number of campaigns × number of points × number of attributes). Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to investigate the significance and determinant attributes of the spatio-temporal dynamics of cyanobacteria. Of the 17 species of cyanobacteria identified, 10 accounted for 72.47% of the total accumulated variance. During the rainy season, four homogeneous groups of cyanobacteria formed, whereas during the dry season, only three groups formed. The greatest concentrations occurred during the dry season, notably for Aphanocapsa spp., Cylindrospermopsis sp., and Geitlerinema sp., which are potentially toxic and show a greater affinity to the physical attributes of water. Climate seasonality was decisive in the spatio-temporal dynamics of cyanobacteria, and high transparency values limited excessive proliferation of the dominant species.

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