Characterizing the subsistance poultry breeding around a poultry matrix farm in Balsas county, Maranhão state, Brazil

Résumé

The aim of the present study is to feature subsistence poultry breeding around a poultry matrix farm located in Balsas County – MA, based on aspects associated with infrastructure, management, nutrition and sanitation. The research followed a cross-sectional design through situation diagnostics, based on the quali-quantitative methodology. The study counted on structured and non-structured interviews, as well as on direct observations. In total, 40 subsistence poultry breeders concentrated in a 10-km area around the poultry matrix farm were interviewed for the research. Based on the results, the hen houses were rustic, the birds were allowed to walk free throughout the properties and had straight contact with birds from neighbor breeders, as well as with wild birds and domestic animals. Water quality control was not observed, the water was provided by a well in 95% of the cases (n=38) and was stored in old tires or in plastic containers. It was also possible observing the use of fertilizer containers as feeders and water fountains for the poultry. In conclusion, the management system implemented in subsistence poultry breeding farms can lead to health issues, including the introduction of exotic diseases in these farms and in the poultry matrix farm. It is recommended to take actions to encourage small breeders in the area through public policies, mainly through policies focused on technical assistance, zootechnical guidance and education in sanitation procedures, in order to turn these subsistence activities into a new source of income to producer families.